| MS OFFICE TRICKS 1 Ctrl + Shift + A AllCaps Makes the selection all capitals (toggle) 2 Alt + Ctrl + 1 ApplyHeading1 Applies Heading 1 style to the selected text 3 Alt + Ctrl + 2 ApplyHeading2 Applies Heading 2 style to the selected text 4 Alt + Ctrl + 3 ApplyHeading3 Applies Heading 3 style to the selected text 5 Ctrl + Shift + L ApplyListBullet Applies List Bullet style to the selected text 6 Alt + F10 AppMaximize Enlarges the application window to ful| size 7 Alt + F5 AppRestore Restores the application window to normal size 8 Ctrl+B Bold Makes the selection bold (toggle) 9 Ctrl + PgDn BrowseNext Jump to the next browse object 10 Ctrl + PgUp BrowsePrev Jump to the previous browse object 11 Alt + Ctrl + Home BrowseSel Select the next/prev browse object 12 Esc Cancel Terminates an action 13 Ctrl+E CenterPara Centers the paragraph between the indents 14 Shift+F3 ChangeCase Changes the case of the letters in the selection 15 Left arrow CharLeft Moves the insertion point to the left one character 16 Shift + Left arrow CharLeftExtend Extends the selection to the left one character 17 Rt arrow CharRight Moves the insertion point to the right one character 18 Shift + Rt arrow CharRightExtend Extends the selection to the right one character 19 Alt + Shift + C ClosePane Closes the active window pane (if you are in Normal View and have, for example, the Footnote pane open) 20 Alt+Drag (or press Ctrl + Shift + F8 and drag, but Alt + Drag is far easier!) ColumnSelect Selects a columnar block of text 21 Ctrl +Shift+C CopyFormat Copies the formatting of the selection 22 Shift + F2 CopyText Makes a copy of the selection without using the clipboard (press Return to paste) 23 Alt + F3 CreateAutoText Adds an AutoText entry to the active template 24 Ctrl+ Backspace DeleteBackWord Deletes the previous word without putting it on the Clipboard 25 Ctrl + Del DeleteWord Deletes the next word without putting it on the Clipboard 26 Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4 DocClose Prompts to save the document and then closes the active window. (But doesn't intercept the menu command) 27 Ctrl + F10 DocMaximize Enlarges the active window to ful| size 28 Ctrl + F7 DocMove Changes the position of the active window 29 Ctrl + F5 DocRestore Restores the window to normal size 30 Ctrl + F8 DocSize Changes the size of the active window 31 Alt + Ctrl + S DocSplit Splits the active window horizontally and then adjusts the split 32 Alt + Shift + F9 DoFieldClick Executes the action associated with macrobutton fields 33 Ctrl + Shift + D DoubleUnderline Double underlines the selection (toggle) 34 Alt R, G DrawGroup Groups the selected drawing objects 35 Alt R, I DrawSnapToGrid Sets up a grid for aligning drawing objects 36 Alt R, U DrawUngroup Ungroups the selected group of drawing objects 37 Ctrl+Shift+F5 (Or: Alt I, K) EditBookmark Brings up the bookmark dialog 38 Del EditClear Performs a forward delete or removes the selection without putting it on the Clipboard 39 Ctrl+C EditCopy Copies the selection and puts it on the Clipboard 40 Ctrl+X EditCut Cuts the selection and puts it on the Clipboard 41 Ctrl+F EditFind Finds the specified text or the specified formatting 42 F5, Ctrl+G EditGoTo Jumps to a specified place in the active document 43 Alt E, K EditLinks Allows links to be viewed, updated, opened, or removed 44 Ctrl+V EditPaste Inserts the Clipboard contents at the insertion point 45 Alt E, S EditPasteSpecial Inserts the Clipboard contents as a linked object, embedded object, or other format 46 Alt + Shift + Backspc EditRedo Redoes the last action that was undone 47 F4 EditRedoOrRepeat Repeats the last command, or redoes the last action that was undone (unfortunately, doesn't work for as many commands in Word 2000 as in Word 97 and below, but this is still one of Word's most useful shortcuts, if not the most useful) 48 Ctrl+H EditReplace Finds the specified text or the specified formatting and replaces it 49 Ctrl+A EditSelectAll Selects the entire document 50 Ctrl+Z EditUndo Reverses the last action 51 Alt + PageDn (to select to end of column, use Alt + Shift + PgDn) EndOfColumn Moves to the last cell in the current table column 52 Ctrl+Shift+End EndOfDocExtend Extends the selection to the end of the last line of the document 53 Ctrl+End EndOfDocument Moves the insertion point to the end of the last line of the document 54 End EndOfLine Moves the insertion point to the end of the current line 55 Shift+End EndOfLineExtend Extends the selection to the end of the current line 56 Alt+End EndOfRow Moves to the last cell in the current row 57 Alt + Ctrl + PgDn EndOfWindow Moves the insertion point to the end of the last visible line on the screen 58 Shift + Alt + Ctrl + PgDn EndOfWindowExtend Extends the selection to the end of the last visible line on the screen 59 F8 (press Esc to turn off) ExtendSelection Turns on extend selection mode and then expands the selection with the direction keys 60 Alt + F4 (<9>) FileCloseOrExit Closes the current document, or if no documents are open, quits Word. Horrible command, as it makes it a long winded business to quit Word. But there's a simple solution - assign Alt+F4 to FileExit instead. 61 Alt + F4 (Word 97) FileExit Quits Microsoft Word and prompts to save the documents (does intercept the menu item, but not the keyboard shortcut, or the x button. An AutoExit macro is usually a better way of intercepting this). 62 NOT Ctrl+N!! FileNew Creates a new document or template (brings up the dialog). Note that: Word pretends that Ctrl+N is assigned to FileNew but it isn't, it's assigned to FileNewDefault You can fix this in Word 2000 by assigning Ctrl+N to the FileNewDialog command. In Word 97 the only way to fix it is to create a macro called FileNew (to do this, press Alt + F8, type "FileNew" without the quotes and Click "Create". The macro will automatically contain the code needed to make it work). 63 Ctrl+N FileNewDefault Creates a new document based on the Normal template. 64 Ctrl+O FileOpen Opens an existing document or template 65 Alt F, U FilePageSetup Changes the page setup of the selected sections 66 Ctrl + P FilePrint Prints the active document (brings up the dialog) 67 Ctrl+F2 FilePrintPreview Displays ful| pages as they will be printed 68 Alt F, I FileProperties Shows the properties of the active document 69 Ctrl+S FileSave FileSave 70 Alt F, A (or F12) FileSaveAs Saves a copy of the document in a separate file (brings up the dialog) 71 Ctrl+Shift+F Font Activates the Fonts listbox on the formatting toolbar 72 Ctrl+Shift+P FontSizeSelect Activates the Font Size drop-down on the formatting toolbar 73 Alt + Ctrl + K FormatAutoFormat Automatically formats a document (or sometimes, automatically screws it up) 74 Alt O, B FormatBordersAndShading Changes the borders and shading of the selected paragraphs, table cells, and pictures 75 Alt O, E FormatChangeCase Changes the case of the letters in the selection 76 Alt O, C FormatColumns Changes the column format of the selected sections (brings up the dialog) 77 Alt O, D FormatDropCap Formats the first character of current paragraph as a dropped capital (must select it first) 78 Ctrl+D FormatFont Brings up the Format + Font dialog 79 Alt + Shift + R FormatHeaderFooterLink Links the current header/footer to the previous section (but does not intercept the button on the Header Footer toolbar) 80 Alt O, P FormatParagraph Brings up the Format Paragraph dialog 81 Alt O, S FormatStyle Applies, creates, or modifies styles 82 Alt O, T FormatTabs Brings up the Format Tabs dialog 83 Shift + F5 GoBack Returns to the previous insertion point (goes back to up to 3 points, then returns to where you started; this is one of the most useful shortcuts of them all. Also useful when opening a document, if you want to g straight to where you were last editing it) 84 Ctrl + > GrowFont Increases the font size of the selection 85 Ctrl + ] GrowFontOnePoint Increases the font size of the selection by one point 86 Ctrl + T (or drag the ruler) HangingIndent Increases the hanging indent 87 F1 Help Microsoft Word Help 88 Shift + F1 HelpTool Lets you get help on a command or screen region or examine text properties 89 Ctrl + Shift + H Hidden Makes the selection hidden text (toggle) 90 Click on it HyperlinkOpen Connect to a hyperlink's address 91 Ctrl + M (or drag the ruler) Indent Moves the left indent to the next tab stop 92 Alt + Ctrl + M (or Alt I, M) InsertAnnotation Inserts a comment 93 F3 InsertAutoText Replaces the name of the AutoText entry with its contents 94 Alt I, B InsertBreak Ends a page, column, or section at the insertion point 95 Alt I, C InsertCaption Inserts a caption above or below a selected object 96 Ctrl + Shift + Return InsertColumnBreak Inserts a column break at the insertion point 97 Alt + Shift + D InsertDateField Inserts a date field 98 Alt + Ctrl + D InsertEndnoteNow Inserts an endnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog 99 Alt I, F InsertField Inserts a field in the active document 100 Ctrl+F9 InsertFieldChars Inserts an empty field with the enclosing field characters 101 Alt I, L InsertFile Inserts the text of another file into the active document 102 Alt I, N InsertFootnote Inserts a footnote or endnote reference at the insertion point 103 Alt + Ctrl + F InsertFootnoteNow Inserts a footnote reference at the insertion point without displaying the dialog 104 Ctrl + K InsertHyperlink Insert Hyperlink 105 Alt I, D InsertIndexAndTables Inserts an index or a table of contents, figures, or authorities into the document 106 Alt + Ctrl + L InsertListNumField Inserts a ListNum Field 107 Alt + Shift + F InsertMergeField Brings up a dialog to insert a mail merge field at the insertion point. (It does not intercept the button on the Mail merge. toolbar) 108 Ctrl + Return InsertPageBreak Inserts a page break at the insertion point 109 Alt + Shift + P InsertPageField Inserts a page number field 110 Ctrl + Shift + F3 InsertSpike Empties the spike AutoText entry and inserts all of its contents into the document 111 Alt + Shift + T InsertTimeField Inserts a time field 112 Ctrl + I Italic Makes the selection italic (toggle) 113 Ctrl + J JustifyPara Aligns the paragraph at both the left and the right indent 114 Ctrl + L LeftPara Aligns the paragraph at the left indent 115 Down arrow LineDown Moves the insertion point down one line 116 Shift + down arrow LineDownExtend Extends the selection down one line 117 Up arrow LineUp Moves the insertion point up one line 118 Shift + up arrow LineUpExtend Extends the selection up one line 119 Ctrl + F11 LockFields Locks the selected fields to prevent updating 120 Alt + Shift + K MailMergeCheck Checks for errors in a mail merge 121 Alt+Shift+E MailMergeEditDataSource Lets you edit a mail merge data source 122 Alt + Shift + N MailMergeToDoc Collects the results of the mail merge in a document 123 Alt Shift + M MailMergeToPrinter Sends the results of the mail merge to the printer 124 Alt + Shift + I MarkCitation Marks the text you want to include in the table of authorities 125 Alt + Shift + X MarkIndexEntry Marks the text you want to include in the index 126 Alt + Shift + O MarkTableOfContentsEntry Inserts a TC field (but it is far better to use Heading Styles to generate your Table of Contents instead) 127 Alt or F10 MenuMode Makes the menu bar active 128 Alt + Shift + F11 MicrosoftScriptEditor Starts or switches to Microsoft Development Environment application, allowing you to view the HTML/XML source code that would be behind the document if it were in .htm format (or that is behind it if it already is in .htm format). 129 Alt + Ctrl + F1 MicrosoftSystemInfo Execute the Microsoft System Info application 130 F2 MoveText Moves the selection to a specified location without using the clipboard (press Return to execute the more) 131 Tab NextCell Moves to the next table cell 132 F11 NextField Moves to the next field 133 Alt + F7 NextMisspelling Find next spelling error 134 Alt + down arrow NextObject Moves to the next object on the page 135 Ctrl + F6 NextWindow Switches to the next document window, equivalent to selecting a document from the Window menu. 136 Ctrl+Shift+N NormalStyle Applies the Normal style 137 Ctrl + 0 OpenOrCloseUpPara Sets or removes extra spacing above the selected paragraph 138 F6 OtherPane Switches to another window pane in Normal View (for instance, if you have if you have a Footnotes pane open in Normal view and want to switch to the main document and back without closing the pane). 139 Alt + _ OutlineCollapse Collapses an Outline in Outline View by one level 140 Alt+Shift+rt arrow OutlineDemote Demotes the selected paragraphs one heading level 141 Alt + + OutlineExpand Expands an Outline in Outline View by one level 142 Alt+Shift+down arrow OutlineMoveDown Moves the selection below the next item in the outline 143 Alt+Shift+up arrow OutlineMoveUp Moves the selection above the previous item in the outline 144 Alt+Shift+left arrow OutlinePromote Promotes the selected paragraphs one heading level 145 Alt + Shift + L OutlineShowFirstLine Toggles between showing the first line of each paragraph only or showing all of the body text in the outline 146 Ins Overtype Toggles the typing mode between replacing and inserting 147 PgDn PageDown Moves the insertion point and document display to the next screen of text 148 Shift+ PgDn PageDownExtend Extends the selection and changes the document display to the next screen of text 149 PgUp PageUp Moves the insertion point and document display to the previous screen of text 150 Shift + PgUp PageUpExtend Extends the selection and changes the document display to the previous screen of text 151 Ctrl + down arrow ParaDown Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph 152 Shift + Ctrl + down arrow ParaDownExtend Extends the selection to the beginning of the next paragraph 153 Ctrl + up arrow ParaUp Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph 154 Shift + Ctrl + up arrow ParaUpExtend Extends the selection to the beginning of the previous paragraph 155 Ctrl+Shift+V PasteFormat Applies the previously copied formatting to selection 156 Shift + Tab PrevCell Moves to the previous table cell 157 Shift + F11 PrevField Moves to the previous field 158 Alt + up arrow PrevObject Moves to the previous object on the page 159 Ctrl + Shift + F6 PrevWindow Switches back to the previous document window 160 Sfift+F4 RepeatFind Repeats Go To or Find to find the next occurrence 161 Ctrl+Spacebar ResetChar Makes the selection the default character format of the applied style 162 Ctrl+Q ResetPara Makes the selection the default paragraph format of the applied style 163 Ctrl +R RightPara Aligns the paragraph at the right indent 164 Ctrl + * ShowAll Shows/hides all nonprinting characters 165 Alt + Shift + A ShowAllHeadings Displays all of the heading levels and the body text in Outline View 166 Ctrl + < ShrinkFont Decreases the font size of the selection 167 Ctrl + [ ShrinkFontOnePoint Decreases the font size of the selection by one point 168 Ctrl + Shift + K SmallCaps Makes the selection small capitals (toggle) 169 Ctrl + 1 SpacePara1 Sets the line spacing to single space 170 Ctrl + 5 SpacePara15 Sets the line spacing to one-and-one-half space 171 Ctrl + 2 SpacePara2 Sets the line spacing to double space 172 Ctrl + F3 Spike Deletes the selection and adds it to the "Spike" AutoText entry (which allows you to move text and graphics from nonadjacent locations) 173 Alt + PgUp StartOfColumn Moves to the first cell in the current column 174 Ctrl+Shift+Home StartOfDocExtend Extends the selection to the beginning of the first line of the document 175 Ctrl +Home StartOfDocument Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first line of the document 176 Home StartOfLine Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the current line 177 Shift+Home StartOfLineExtend Extends the selection to the beginning of the current line 178 Alt+Home StartOfRow Moves to the first cell in the current row 179 Alt+Ctrl+PgUp StartOfWindow Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen 180 Shift+ Alt+Ctrl+PgUp StartOfWindowExtend Extends the selection to the beginning of the first visible line on the screen 181 Strl + Shift + S Style Activates the Style drop-down on the Formatting toolbar 182 Ctrl + = Subscript Makes the selection subscript (toggle) 183 Ctrl + + Superscript Makes the selection superscript (toggle) 184 Ctrl + Shift + Q SymbolFont Applies the Symbol font to the selection 185 Alt A, F TableAutoFormat Applies a set of formatting to a table 186 Alt A, H TableHeadings Toggles table headings attribute on and off 187 Alt + click (Alt + drag to select several) TableSelectColumn Selects the current column in a table 188 Click in left margin TableSelectRow Selects the current row in a table 189 Alt + double-click TableSelectTable Selects an entire table 190 Alt + Ctrl + U TableUpdateAutoFormat Updates the table formatting to match the applied Table Autoformat settings 191 Shift + F9 (Alt + F9 toggles all field codes on or off) ToggleFieldDisplay Shows the field codes or the results for the selection (toggle) 192 Alt T, C ToolsCustomize Allows you to customizes the Word user interface (menus, keyboard and toolbars) and store the customizations in a template (defaults to Normal.dot, so be careful!) 193 Alt + F8 ToolsMacro Runs, creates, deletes, or revises a macro 194 F7 ToolsProofing Checks the spelling and grammar in the active document 195 Ctr.l + Shift + E ToolsRevisionMarksToggle Toggles track changes for the active document 196 Shift + F7 ToolsThesaurus Finds a synonym for the selected word 197 Ctrl+U Underline Formats the selection with a continuous underline (toggle) 198 Ctrl + Shift + T (or drag the ruler) UnHang Decreases the hanging indent 199 Ctrl + Shift + M (or drag the ruler) UnIndent Moves the left indent to the previous tab stop 200 Ctrl+Shift+F9 UnlinkFields Permanently replaces the field codes with the results 201 Ctrl + Shift + F11 UnlockFields Unlocks the selected fields for updating 202 F9 UpdateFields Updates and displays the results of the selected fields 203 Ctrl + Shiift + F7 UpdateSource Copies the modified text of a linked file back to its source file 204 Hover over comment ViewAnnotations Show or hide the comment pane 205 Dbl-click the endnote reference ViewEndnoteArea If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the endnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the endnote or vice versa 206 At + F9 ViewFieldCodes Shows the field codes or results for all fields (toggle) 207 Dbl-click the footnote reference ViewFootnoteArea If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing the footnote (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnote or vice versa. 208 Alt V, F ViewFootnotes If in Normal View, opens a pane for viewing and editing footnotes and endnotes (toggle). If in Page/Print Layout View, switches from the body text to the footnotes/endnotes or vice versa. 209 Alt V, H ViewHeader Displays header in page layout view 210 Alt V, N (or Alt + Ctrl + N) ViewNormal Changes the editing view to normal view 211 Alt V, O (or Alt + Ctrl + O) ViewOutline Displays a document's outline 212 Alt V, P (or Alt + Ctrl + P) ViewPage Displays the page more-or-less as it will be printed, and allows editing (In Word 2000 the menu item is called Print Layout, but fortunately the command hasn't changed. 213 Alt + F11 ViewVBCode Shows the VB editing environment (Tools + Macro + Visual Basic Editor) 214 Alt + left arrow WebGoBack Backward hyperlink (useful if you clicked on a page number hyperlink in the table of contents and then want to return to the TOC) 215 Alt + rt arrow WebGoForward Forward hyperlink 216 Alt W, A WindowArrangeAll Arranges windows as non-overlapping tiles 217 Ctrl + left arrow WordLeft Moves the insertion point to the left one word 218 Shift + Ctrl + left arrow WordLeftExtend Extends the selection to the left one word 219 Ctrl + rt arrow WordRight Moves the insertion point to the right one word 220 Shift + Ctrl + rt arrow WordRightExtend Extends the selection to the right one word 221 Ctrl + Shift + W WordUnderline Underlines the words but not the spaces in the selection (toggle) |
Friday, August 26, 2011
MS Office - tricks
Know more about Moles
A skin mole is a spot on the skin that is usually round or oval in shape. The skin mole can be small or large, and it may range in color from pink, brown, red, or black. The single skin mole is referred to in medical terms as a nevus. When one is discussing moles in the plural form, they are called nevi. Virtually everyone has at least a few moles. Statistically one will find between 10-50 moles on the body. The skin mole can occur on any part of the body.
Most moles are simply the result of a harmless proliferation of the pigment cells within the deeper layer of the skin.
We are all born with all the moles we will ever have. Many of them are not visible at birth but will darken as one ages. A skin mole is called by a collection of cells named melanocytes . These are present throughout the skin and are a part of skin pigmentation. When melanocytes occur in cluster formations they result in the eventual appearance of a skin mole.
A skin mole may be flat or it may be raised. Some will sprout a few hairs, which is normal. Unsightly moles can be removed. Usually, since the skin mole is so common, people do not have one removed unless the mole is quite large. A skin mole can be removed using several different methods, and depending on the size of the mole, may result in some scarring.
Common methods of removing a skin mole are surgical, either standard or laser, and through depositing acid on the mole to burn away the tissue. Surgical removal of a skin mole may be conducted in three ways.
The surgeon can remove the visible layers of the mole with a scalpel, and then dig out the remaining melanocytes with the scalpel. He or she may also use a scalpel to take off the top layer, and then use an electric needle to destroy the tissue beneath the surface. A procedure called cryosurgery applies liquid nitrogen to the mole, which essentially freezes off the mole. Laser surgery uses directed laser pulses to destroy the skin mole. Cryosurgery and Laser surgery tend to result in minimal scarring, but the size of the mole influences eventual scarring from any of the procedures.
Over the counter herbal mixtures and acids may also be used to remove a skin mole. These may result in more scarring, and some of the claims of herbal preparations are dubious. It is also important to be certain that the mole you are removing is a regular mole and not skin cancer, since these preparations will probably not remove all layers of the mole.
Who is at risk?
The presence of moles will not cause you serious problems. But large numbers, more than 25, are an indication of susceptibility to melanoma. So you should take great care about exposure to sunlight.If there is a family history of malignant melanoma, you should be particularly vigilant about changing moles.
What are the symptoms of malignancy?
- The mole is itchy and painful.
- Increased size or an increasingly irregular appearance, especially at the edges.
- A change in colour, particularly if the mole gets darker or becomes mottled.
- Spontaneously bleeding.
- Satellite pigmented lesions.
Your doctor will probably request information on recent changes to the mole along with a family history to assess your risk.
If only mild changes are found, your doctor will usually only need to take a clinical photograph of it. The mole's appearance may be reviewed in a later appointment.
But if your doctor is concerned you will be referred to a plastic surgeon or a dermatologist, who may perform an excision biopsy.
Good Advice Avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight, particularly during the two hours on either side of midday when the sun’s rays are strongest, and avoid getting sunburn.
Keep covered up in sunlight and apply sunscreen on exposed skin.
Examine your moles regularly and get someone to check those you cannot see.
Thursday, August 25, 2011
Recharging Batteries
Maple Electric
Our future technology could be powered by an unusual source of energy.
Our future technology could be powered by an unusual source of energy.Research by scientists at the University of Washington have discovered more good reasons to hug trees.
The bioelectric properties of trees are a natural source of energy to power electronic circuits. This source of power could be used to recharge our gadgets.
Small amounts of voltage are generated in trees but a voltage booster designed at the University generated a 1.1 volt from maple trees.
Because of the constant advances in electronics our smart phones require less and less power, so the voltage from trees is now a viable source for recharging our batteries.
Solar-powered motorcycle
One look at these photos and you know this motorcycle is in the concept stage as I cannot remember seeing any of these on the road.
This is the SunRed solar-powered motorcycle that won the Best Innovative Technology award at the Barcelona Int’l Auto Show, this does look pretty cool and anything that is good to the environment and can be classed as gadget or latest technology is good in my books.
This SunRed project in the near future will result in a life-size prototype of the solar-powered motorcycle, the prototype will be able to store electrical power from captured sunlight and power the motorcycle in the most environmentally-friendly way.
The clamshell looking motorcycle is built that way to optimize the panel’s surface and to make the vehicle not too bulky. The SunRed solar-powered motorcycle is not moving it can store energy for up to 20km (13 miles) and travel at around 50km/h (30 mph).
Most modern electric bikes are designed in the same way as the motor on this solar-powered motorcycle; it is placed right in the axle of the wheel and brushless.
Now we got to remember this vehicle designed by SunRed is just a concept, but the company hopes that this will become a benchmark for future developments of solar applications in different vehicles.
Study Abroad
The research, published by the American Psychological Association, consisted of five studies involving students at Paris' Sorbonne University, at INSEAD, a business school with campuses in France and Singapore and at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in the United States.
Researchers said that although the studies show a strong relationship between living abroad and creativity, they do not prove that living abroad and adapting to a new culture actually cause people to be more creative.
"This research may have something to say about the increasing impact of globalization on the world, a fact that has been hammered home by the recent financial crisis," said the study's lead author, William Maddux, assistant professor of organizational behavior at INSEAD.
"Knowing that experiences abroad are critical for creative output makes study abroad programs and job assignments in other countries that much more important, especially for people and companies that put a premium on creativity and innovation."
In one study, MBA students at the Kellogg School were asked to solve the Duncker candle problem, a classic test of creative insight in which individuals are presented with three objects on a table placed next to a cardboard wall: a candle, a pack of matches and a box of tacks.
The task is to attach the candle to the wall so that the candle burns properly and does not drip wax on the table or the floor and the correct solution involves using the empty box of tacks as a candleholder, and then tack it to the wall.
The solution is considered a measure of creative insight because it involves the ability to see objects as performing different functions from what is typical and the results showed that the longer students had spent living abroad, the more likely they were to come up with the solution.
The findings appear in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, published by the American Psychological Association.
Water Availability and Climate Change
Presently there are evidences in India indicating the real occurrence of impact from climate change scenario. Drought in Bihar , extreme daily rainfall in UP, Mumbai, and the Nilgris, and again floods in UP, Haryana and Delhi , danger level crossing of flood water in Yamuna river were some worth mentioning examples for such impact that were noticed during South west monsoon of 2010 in India.
All along in the past, it is observed that there was either delay in onset or early withdrawal of monsoon rainfall in India. But during 2010, there was overlapping between withdrawal of south west monsoon rainfall and onset of north east monsoon rainfall in India against the normal onset of north east monsoon rainfall by 20th October with ± one STD from the mean. Further the withdrawal of north east monsoon prolonged beyond January, 2011 during cold weather period and it gives speculation that something is happened in the atmosphere. Because of accumulation of green house gases in the atmosphere, the atmosphere is presently under confusion and this is universal, since there is no political boundary for atmosphere.
This type of confusion persists permanently aggressively; it would affect the annual water availability of India, which is presently 400 Mham. This will trigger the existing surface water conflict between different States of India still further.
The understanding drawn from the above statements reveal that every water molecule received from a single rain drop must be conserved for future use and also the available existing water molecules must be rationally used in order to keep the sustainability of food security, though there is no head and tail for hydrological cycle. I feel that the average per capita water availability in India will decline < 2000 CUm³ in the coming years.
Water is used in India for three purposes in a major way. viz., 85 per cent for agriculture and the remaining 15 per cent for domestic and industries requirements.
Population gets increased to 121 crores as per latest census(2011) and this would add pressure on drinking water requirement further and this additional quantity must be diverted from agriculture. Further existing and new industries may also require more water for their industrial increased production and also to treat their effluents to keep environment clean. This activity also would demand more water and this share also must come from agriculture. Both domestic and industrial water demand put together would be around 25 per cent (5 and20 percent respectively for domestic and industry). This will reduce water availability to agriculture to 60 per cent.
Under this context the water problem to agriculture must be well addressed in order to provide food security to every Indian citizen through the following strategies;
- Water budgeting and crop planning must be carried out at village level by the community themselves with external support from extension side
- Popularization of Systems of Rice Intensification(SRI) for irrigated rice
- Encouraging aerobic rice, where SRI is not possible to execute
- Establishing water bank at village level(enhancing water availability and efficient use of water)
- All dry land areas must be brought under watershed development
- Renovation water body structures at village level
- On-farm testing of irrigation at critical stages of crop growth of food crops and recommendation based on the results obtained to the users
- Popularization of best practices identified from community for the economic use of water for irrigation and extrapolation to akin areas.
- River linking in different phases—Intra state, inter states, between south India, between North India, between west India, between east India and within in India
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones started life as the two way radio, which was also called mobile rigs. These were installed in vehicles such as minicabs, police cars and ambulances, but were not strictly mobile phones as they were not normally connected to the telephone network. While the very first mobile phones were installed permanently in vehicles, later versions such as the transportable, also called bag phones, could also be carried, and can be used as either portable or as mobile two-way radios.  The first generation mobile phones are often called 1G. These mobile phones are the analog devices that were introduced in the eighties & continued until being replaced by 2G mobile phones, which ran on digital networks. In fact, even though 1G & 2G systems use digital signals to connect the radio towers to the rest of the telephone network, the voice itself during a phone call encoded to digital signals in 2G while voices on 1G phones aren't. Second generation, also called 2G, mobile telephones were introduced in the nineties. 2G phone systems were characterized by their use of digital transmission and the introduction of advanced and fast phone to network signaling. The birth of 2G systems saw telephones move from friendly 1G telephones to little handheld items, which were much more portable. This change was possible through technological developments including more advanced batteries and energy saving electronics. The second generation mobile telephones had several advantages over 1G item. These included text messaging, which became possible on GSM networks initially and eventually on all digital networks. The earliest machine-sent message was sent in 1991 in the UK. The earliest person to person sms text message was sent in 1993 in Finland. sms text messaging soon became the preferred method of communication and the public now prefer sending text messages to placing voice calls. 3G is the term applied to the third generation of mobile phone standards & technology. 3G follows 2G mobile phone technology. The 3G technology allow network operators give their users a larger range of more advanced services. These include video calls& wireless internet. Even though 3G was successfully introduced throughout the world, issues have been raised by both 3G providers & users, comprising of costly phones. In addition to this, there are numerous differences in the licensing terms. Ever since the launch of 3G mobile phone technology, people have been talking about 4G. 4G technology will signify the future of mobile telephones, creating the most sophisticated handsets and best services yet. in actual fact, one of the next services to be developed is thought to be live streaming of radio and TV shows to 3G handsets is and shops including real and Disney recently announcing that they'll be offering services like these. In conclusion, even though the history of mobile phones they have come a long way in the past few years, it also indicates that they'll go even further still. more.. |
Thursday, August 18, 2011
Monday, August 15, 2011
Vivekanadha Golden Words
* இடையறாத முயற்சியின் மூலம் நம்மை நாடி வரும் கஷ்டங்களை வெல்ல முடியும்.
* நீ எதை நினைக்கிறாயோ அதுவாகவே ஆகிறாய். உன்னை வலிமை உள்ளவனாக நினைத்தால் வலிமை படைத்தவனாகிறாய்.
* வாழ்க்கையில் கீழ்ப்படிவதற்கு கற்றுக்கொள். கட்டளையிடும் பதவி தானாக உன்னை வந்தடையும்.
* அடக்கப்படாத மனம் நம்மைக் கீழ் நோக்கியே இழுத்துச் செல்லும். அடக்கப்பட்ட மனம் நமக்குப் பாதுகாப்பளிப்பதுடன், விடுதலையும் தரும்.
* அளவற்ற ஆற்றல், பெரும் ஊக்கம், அளவு கடந்த அஞ்சாமை, அளவில்லாத பொறுமை ஆகியவை நமக்குத் தேவை.
* இயற்கையை எதிர்த்துப் போராடி வளர வேண்டும். இயற்கையோடு எப்போதும் போர் செய்வதே மனித முன்னேற்றத்தின் படிக்கற்களாகும்.
* இரக்கத்தால் பிறருக்கு நன்மை செய்வது நல்லது, ஆனால், ஈசனது படைப்பான அனைத்து உயிர்களுக்கும் பணி செய்தல் மிக நன்றாகும்.
* மனித வடிவம் கொண்ட ஒவ்வொரு உயிரையும் வழிபடுங்கள், இறைவனை அனைத்து வடிவத்திலும் வழிபடுவேத நன்மை பெற நல்ல வழியாகும்.
Tuesday, August 2, 2011
Efest - 2011 Online Contest
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